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Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a lesser-known type of anemia, but it commonly affects people with long-term medical conditions. Unlike other forms caused by nutritional deficiencies, ACD results from chronic inflammation and underlying diseases that interfere with the production and lifespan of red blood cells.
Chronic conditions such as kidney disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and infections can cause inflammation in the body. This inflammation affects how iron is stored and used, suppressing the bone marrow’s ability to produce red blood cells effectively. As a result, the body may have enough iron, but it’s not accessible for making hemoglobin.
Anyone with a chronic illness is at risk, especially individuals undergoing long-term treatment for kidney failure, autoimmune disorders, or cancer. Older adults and hospitalized patients often experience this type of anemia without being aware of it.
Since the symptoms of ACD often overlap with those of the underlying illness, it can be hard to detect. Common signs include:
These symptoms may develop gradually and are often mistaken for simply feeling run down due to the chronic illness itself.
A blood test can reveal low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Doctors may also check serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP). These help differentiate ACD from other types like iron-deficiency anemia.
The primary treatment for ACD is addressing the underlying chronic condition. Reducing inflammation through medications or treating infections can help improve red blood cell production. In some cases, doctors may prescribe:
Dietary changes alone are often not enough for ACD since the issue lies in how the body uses iron.
Managing anemia alongside chronic illness can greatly enhance energy, focus, and daily functioning. Patients should communicate openly with healthcare providers and ask about anemia screening if experiencing unexplained fatigue or breathlessness.
Anemia of chronic disease may be subtle, but its impact is real. By recognizing the symptoms, seeking proper diagnosis, and managing both the anemia and the underlying illness, individuals can maintain a better quality of life. For anyone living with a long-term health condition, understanding and addressing ACD is a vital part of overall care.
Dr. Geethika’s Clinic in Jubilee Hills provides compassionate, personalized care, specializing in chronic conditions, preventive health, wellness, and nutrition.
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